Tutorial and tab of The Entertainer as performed live by Chet Atkins in 1975. Dropped D tuning (DADGBE).
About “The Entertainer”
“The Entertainer” is a classic ragtime piano piece composed by Scott Joplin in 1902. It is one of the most famous pieces of the genre and significantly contributed to its popularity.
A Brief History of the Piece
Initially published as sheet music by John Stark & Son of St. Louis, Missouri, “The Entertainer” was also sold as a “piano roll” in the 1910s, allowing for playback on player pianos. Its first recording dates back to 1928, by the blues and ragtime musicians “The Blue Boys,” who played it on mandolin and guitar.
“The Entertainer” performed by Scott Jopin and recorded on a piano roll
The piece experienced an enormous resurgence and a return to international fame in the 1970s when it was used as the theme music for the 1973 Oscar-winning film, “The Sting.” The adaptation and orchestration by composer and pianist Marvin Hamlisch reached number 3 on the Billboard pop chart and stayed for one week at number 1 on the “easy listening” chart in 1974. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) ranked it 10th on its list of “Songs of the Century.”
“The Entertainer” – “The Sting” Soundtrack Orchestra Version by Marvin Hamlisch
“The Entertainer” is subtitled “A Rag Time Two Step,” a dance form popular until 1911 and a common style among ragtime pieces of the era. The original structure is Intro–AA–BB–A–CC–Intro2–DD. It is primarily in C major, but in section C (commonly called the “Trio”) it modulates to F major, then returns to C major in section D.
In Chet Atkins’ shortened version, he only performs the first part of the structure: Intro-AA-B-A, and the key is D major. Additionally, the sixth string is tuned down a whole step (dropped D).
Interpretations by Various Artists
In addition to Scott Joplin’s original piano version, the piece has had numerous interpretations and adaptations by various artists and musical ensembles:
- Orchestral and Classical:
- The Blue Boys: The first recording from 1928, featuring mandolin and guitar.
- Marvin Hamlisch: His famous orchestral re-arrangement for the film “The Sting” (1973), which achieved enormous commercial success.
- Joshua Rifkin: His 1970 album “Scott Joplin: Piano Rags,” which helped rediscover Joplin’s music and included “The Entertainer.”
- Civic Orchestra of Jacksonville: An orchestral version arranged by Richard W. Sargeant Jr.
- Jazz and ragtime artists: Numerous musicians have included “The Entertainer” in their repertoires, adapting it to various styles and instrumentations.
Solo Guitar Interpretations
Given its catchy melody and rhythmic structure, “The Entertainer” has also become a popular piece among solo guitarists, especially in fingerstyle. Some notable interpretations include:
- Chet Atkins: One of the most famous and influential fingerstyle guitar versions, highly regarded for its technical mastery and interpretive skill.
- Richard Smith: A guitarist known for his virtuoso interpretations of ragtime and country-jazz pieces, he has performed “The Entertainer” several times.
- John Williams: The renowned classical guitarist has also offered his interpretation of this piece.
- Paola Hermosín: A classical guitarist who has released a popular guitar version of “The Entertainer.”
“The Entertainer” by Tommy Emmanuel
“The Entertainer” by John Williams
“The Entertainer” by Richard Smith
About Scott Joplin
Scott Joplin (1868-1917) was an African-American composer and pianist, widely recognized as the “King of Ragtime.” Although he lived before jazz fully emerged as a defined genre, his ragtime music had a monumental influence on the development of jazz and many of its early pioneers.
Born in Texas, Joplin showed early musical talent, learning to play the piano and developing an interest in composition. He moved to St. Louis and then to Sedalia, Missouri, where he began to publish his works and gain fame. His ragtime style was characterized by a lively, syncopated melody in the right hand, supported by a steady, marked rhythm in the left hand.
Despite the success of his compositions, Joplin faced the difficulties and discrimination typical of his era. He struggled to gain the recognition he felt he deserved for his more ambitious works, particularly his opera “Treemonisha,” which he hoped would elevate him beyond the popular ragtime genre. Unfortunately, “Treemonisha” was never staged during his lifetime. He died in poverty and relative obscurity, but his work was rediscovered and widely appreciated starting in the 1970s, leading to renewed popularity and posthumous recognition of his genius.
Scott Joplin living history
Many of Joplin’s pieces, while originally ragtime, have been adapted, reinterpreted, and improvised by jazz musicians over the decades, becoming an integral part of the repertoire or sources of inspiration:
- “Maple Leaf Rag”: Probably his most famous and influential composition, it was a cornerstone for many jazz pianists looking to incorporate syncopated elements into their style.
- “The Entertainer”: Made famous by the soundtrack of the film “The Sting,” this catchy tune became synonymous with ragtime and inspired countless interpretations.
- “Solace”: A “slow drag” or “tango,” which demonstrates Joplin’s versatility and his ability to create different atmospheres. Its melancholic melody lends itself well to jazz reinterpretations.
- “Elite Syncopations”: Another example of classic ragtime with a lively and rhythmically complex structure that has been appreciated by jazz musicians.
- “Fig Leaf Rag”: Characterized by a captivating melody and a propulsive rhythm, it has often been explored by jazz ensembles.
- “Pine Apple Rag”: A joyful and optimistic piece that lends itself well to improvisations and arrangements in Dixieland or early jazz styles.
Scott Joplin’s legacy is profound. His music, with its innovative harmonies and distinctive syncopation, laid the groundwork for much of 20th-century American popular music, and his spirit is still heard in jazz, blues, and many other musical forms.
Scott Joplin movie trailer (1977)
About Chet Atkins
Chet Atkins (1924 – 2001), famously dubbed “Mr. Guitar” and “The Country Gentleman,” was one of the most influential American guitarists and record producers of all time. His decades-long career left an indelible mark on country, pop, and jazz music, primarily due to his unique and innovative guitar style.
Solo Guitar Music Production: The Fingerstyle Innovator
Chet Atkins’ solo guitar music production is at the heart of his legend. He redefined the role of the solo guitar, elevating it from an accompanying instrument to a complete melodic and rhythmic voice. His distinctive style is known as “fingerstyle” or “Travis picking” (though Atkins further developed and made it his own), a technique that allowed him to create the illusion that two or three guitarists were playing simultaneously.
Atkins used a thumbpick to play a consistent, rhythmic bass line (the “boom-chick”), while the other fingers of his right hand (index, middle, ring) handled the melody and chords. This combination created a rich, polyphonic sound.
Despite the technical complexity, Atkins’ music was always centered on melody. His solo performances often featured fluid, catchy melodic lines, interwoven with sophisticated harmonies and chord-melody passages that showcased his deep understanding of music theory.
His solo guitar music drew inspiration from a wide range of genres. While a pillar of country music, Atkins incorporated elements of jazz, classical, blues, and ragtime. He was capable of transforming popular tunes of all kinds into original and recognizable instrumental versions.
Atkins was a master of dynamics and expression. He could make his guitar “whisper” or “roar,” varying his attack on the strings, using palm muting for a more muffled sound, or employing vibrato to add emotional color. These details made his performances not only technically brilliant but also deeply emotive.
His solo guitar discography is immense, ranging from original compositions to masterful reinterpretations of jazz standards, popular songs, and country classics. Albums like “Finger Style Guitar“, “Mister Guitar“, and his collaborations with artists such as Les Paul and Jerry Reed, are shining examples of his versatility and genius.
He adapted techniques typical of the banjo, such as “banjo rolls” (fast arpeggiated patterns), to the guitar, adding another dimension to his fingerstyle.
In essence, Chet Atkins’ solo guitar music production is a testament to his technical genius, melodic sensibility, and his ability to blend diverse genres into a distinctive and universally loved sound. He inspired countless guitarists worldwide, and his “fingerstyle” remains one of the most complex and rewarding guitar languages to learn.
The “Certified Guitar Player” (C.G.P.) Title
Beyond his legendary playing and production, Chet Atkins also established a unique honor for guitarists he deeply admired: the “Certified Guitar Player” (C.G.P.) title. This was not an academic degree or a formal certification from an institution, but rather a personal distinction bestowed by Atkins himself to acknowledge guitarists who demonstrated extraordinary skill, musicality, and made significant contributions to the art of guitar playing.
Atkins felt that while universities awarded degrees for years of study, there wasn’t a similar recognition for a lifetime of dedication and mastery in the guitar world. The C.G.P. title was his way of honoring these elite players, recognizing them as masters in their craft, much like a “Hall of Fame” for guitarists. During his lifetime, Chet Atkins personally bestowed this title upon only a handful of individuals who he felt truly embodied the spirit of guitar excellence he championed. These included Tommy Emmanuel, John Knowles, Jerry Reed, and Steve Wariner. After Atkins’ passing, his daughter Merle, with Steve Wariner, bestowed the final C.G.P. title on Paul Yandell, Atkins’ longtime bandleader and confidant. This exclusive designation continues to signify the highest respect within the fingerstyle guitar community, carrying on Atkins’ legacy of recognizing exceptional talent.
Chet Atkins interview (1996)
Chet Atkins’ discography is monumental, including hundreds of albums across studio, live, collaborations, and compilations. Here’s a selection of works where his solo guitar takes center stage, often with minimal backing. These works are essential for experiencing the depth and breadth of his fingerstyle mastery.
Key Solo Guitar Albums:
- Finger Style Guitar (1956): As the title suggests, this entire album is a foundational text for fingerstyle guitarists. It contains many of his earliest and most iconic solo arrangements.
- Chet Atkins at Home (1958): An album capturing the intimate quality of his playing, often with the guitar prominently featured.
- Mister Guitar (1959): This album solidified his reputation and includes numerous tracks showcasing his solo guitar prowess.
- Solo Flights (1968): An excellent example of Atkins performing largely unaccompanied, with refined arrangements emphasizing his technique and musicality.
- Alone (1973): True to its name, this album focuses purely on Atkins’ solo guitar, offering a deeply expressive and personal listening experience.
- Almost Alone (1996): A masterful work from his later career, where Atkins predominantly performs solo, highlighting his enduring skill and versatility. It features both original compositions and arrangements of standards.
- Solo Sessions (2003, released posthumously): A collection of recordings from Atkins’ home studio, providing an in-depth look at his creative process and solo interpretations of classic and original pieces.
Individual Tracks (Original Compositions and Iconic Arrangements):
- “Mr. Sandman”: A classic example of his ability to transform a popular vocal tune into a captivating instrumental showcase.
- “Yakety Axe”: His virtuosic instrumental version of Boots Randolph’s “Yakety Sax,” a staple for any aspiring fingerstyle player.
- “Blue Angel”: A melodic and expressive piece demonstrating his command of harmony and phrasing.
- “Country Gentleman”: This original composition embodies his signature style and reflects his well-known nickname.
- “Trambone”: A lively and cheerful original composition that showcases his ability to create catchy melodies within the fingerstyle framework.
- “Whispering”: A beautiful, flowing arrangement that highlights his delicate touch and melodic sensibility.
- “Walk Don’t Run”: His legendary interpretation of this instrumental standard, a must-learn for many guitarists.
- “Cascade”: A dynamic and intricate piece that demonstrates his technical dexterity.
- “Windy and Warm”: A suggestive and harmonically rich original composition, widely admired and played by countless fingerstylists.
- “Freight Train”: While a traditional tune, Atkins’ definitive arrangement made it an iconic fingerstyle standard, influencing generations of players.
- “Adelita”: An example of his seamless integration of classical pieces into his repertoire.
- “Malaguena”: Another classical adaptation, showcasing his versatility and technical brilliance.
- “Dance of the Golden Rod”: A bright and intricate piece that highlights his rhythmic precision.
- “In the Mood”: His unique fingerstyle interpretation of the big band classic.
- “Liza (All The Clouds’ll Roll Away)”: A swing-infused arrangement demonstrating his jazz sensibilities.
- “The Entertainer”: His captivating rendition of Scott Joplin’s ragtime classic.
- “Autumn Leaves”: A sophisticated interpretation of this beloved jazz standard.
- “Mr. Bojangles”: A soulful and expressive solo rendition.
- “Ol’ Man River”: A powerful and atmospheric arrangement.
- “La Vie En Rose”: A charming and melodic interpretation of the French classic.
- “Sukiyaki”: A beautiful and delicate rendition of the Japanese pop hit.
- “America the Beautiful”: A majestic and heartfelt solo performance.
- “I Only Have Eyes For You”: A romantic and intricate arrangement.
- “Danny Boy”: His moving interpretation of the traditional Irish ballad.
- “Bye Bye Blackbird”: A lively and swinging solo performance.
- “Mystery Train”: A bluesy and rhythmic track showcasing his roots.
- “Magnetic Rag”: Another impressive ragtime adaptation.
- “Yesterdays”: A timeless jazz standard given his unique fingerstyle treatment.
- “Embraceable You”: A tender and harmonically rich arrangement.
- “Amazing Grace”: His classic and widely revered solo interpretation of the hymn.
- “The Poor Boy Blues”: An original composition with a distinct bluesy flavor, often performed by Atkins.
- “To ‘B’ or Not to ‘B’”: An original composition from his Solo Sessions album, showcasing his compositional depth.
- “Dear Ol’ Dadi”: Another acclaimed original composition from his solo repertoire, noted for its engaging melody and structure.
These works collectively represent the immense contribution of Chet Atkins to solo guitar, spanning original compositions and masterful arrangements that have become cornerstones of the fingerstyle genre.
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